Admiral Zumwalts’ rise to Chief of Naval Operations

Admiral Zumwalts’ rise to Chief of Naval Operations

Admiral Elmo Russell Zumwalt was born in California on 29 November 1920. He attended Tulare Union High School and Rutherford Preparatory Scholl and then he joined the U.S. Naval Academy and finished the Naval career in 1962 at National War College.

During, his student life Zumwalt has shown the qualities of leadership by being the President of Trident Society, Vice President of the Quarterback Society and he won two times in Weekly Public Speaking Contestbtween 1941 and 1942 held in June. He also participated in intercollegiate debating and he graduated with a distinction after which he progressed to the rank of Admiral from June 1942(Navy Office of Information, Washington DC).

Admiral Zumwalt served as an Eagle Scout in Turale Union High School and he was also served as a commander of USS Dewey which was the first ship to be made from keel as a guided missile ship. He was also given a prize as crew officer who captured Ataka which was a Japanese boat that was captured at River Yangtze’s mouth near the end of World War 1. He was promoted to a Rear Officer at the age of 44 becoming the youngest naval officer to have been promoted to this rank. He was at the age of 49years appointed as Chief of Naval Operations thus becoming the youngest Admiral in U.S. naval history. During his 37 years career Zumwalt, fought 3 wars and he committed his life to achieving equality for every one who served in the Navy. Admiral Zumwalt,, had spent his early life as junior officer in practicing the belief of equality for the Navy and he was able to implement it in the navy when he became the Chief of Navy Commander (Navy Office of Information, Washington DC).

Admiral Zumwalt’s leadership styles

             Admiral Zumwalt was an intelligent leader and this can be demonstrated by his steep rise in career ladder and his participation in school life. He was visionary leader and he was able to improve the lives the Navy officers when he was appointed the Chief of Navy Commander. He was also able to mould and instill good discipline and culture among the navy and the changes he made are also evident in the navy to present day. At the time he was appointed the Chief of Navy Commander, Zumwalt, in herited a navy that was sailing to the verge of collapse. He used his courage, drive and enthusiasm and the love for sailors, respect for their abilities and integrity to bring back a strong navy. As a Chief Navy Commander, he was able to racially integrate the navy officers and also promoted the women in the navy to even command Navy warships. With his vision and courage Zumwalt, was able to restore U.S Navy to become one of the greatest navy in the world (Navy Office of Information, Washington DC).

Admiral Zumwalts contributions to the Navy

Zumwalt was a visionary leader and was very much committed to improve the quality lives of the navy officers and making the U.S. Navy a non –racial Navy. Those who benefited from the changes of Admiral Zumwalts' changes in the Navy were mainly the minority blacks groups whose professional growth within the Navy was restricted by their racial factor. Admiral Zumwalt worked intelligently and boldly to improve the service of all uniformed navy officers. Admiral Zumwalt, was selected by his superiors over 33 other more senior admirals because of he advocated for drastic and rapid changes in the way the Navy treated its officers.

When was appointed the CNO he undertook the following initiatives to make his advocacy a reality; improved the living conditions of the navy officers, promoted first women and black American to move up the ranks in the navy. He also allowed women to become commanders of Naval warships, he also opened the ranks of Filipino navies who could rank could not move from stewardship rating. He also managed to remove some demeaning and restrictive regulations in the U.S Navy that had affected the sailors attitude negatively and had not provided an alternative for enhancement of professional performance. The changes he made had a great impact on the re-enlistements rates in the U.S navy as compared to the time when he joined the navy as a Chief of Navy Commander in1970. The re-enlistements in the U.S Navy had tripled four year after he had retired.

About the author: Henry Ford is a senior research at topmarkesays.com. He holds a phd in history. He can assist you with history research paper, History essays, and other custom history dissertations.

 

After retiring from the Navy Commander Zumwalt, received many letters of congratulations from the sailors from the changes he had made in the navy and positively making it a career likable to many. When he was a commander in the U.S. Naval Forces in the Vietnam battle he believed that when the commander was responsible for leading the navy then his men would survive. In the U.S battle in Vietnam Admiral Zumwalt, ordered the use of Agent Orange which was a chemical that could reduce high casualty rates that were being suffered by his sailors. The chemical Agent Orange concealed the navy during enemy attacks and the U.S. Navy could make surprise attacks. Exposure the Agent Orange chemical improved the chances of survival for the U.S Navy during attacks although it ended up causing long-term health effects resulting to cancers to those exposed(Zumwalt, 1976).

 Admiral Zumwalt, contributed in the instilling courage and vision in the navy and made it a model career where everyone could be selected on the basis of qualification. He also built a strong bond with the sailors and this helped to imprint on the Sailors character. Admiral Zumwalt, used his love, vision and leadership to make the reform the U.S Navy as it is today. Among the prominent assignments the Admiral Zumwalt, did were he served as commander of Cruise-Destroyer Flotilla Seven from 1965-1966. He served as director of System Analyst Group as Chief of Naval Operations where he in charge of organizing and directing the  System Analysis Division. Between October 1968 and May 1970 he served as Commandeer of U.S Naval Forces in Vietnam and Chief of the Naval Advisory Group. He finally served as Chief of Naval Operations between July 1970 and July 1974 after his appointment by President Richard Nixon.

In 1998 Zumwalt, was given an award of USA highest civilian Award by Bill Clinton, the Presidential Medal of Freedom fro his service to his country and the Navy. Admiral Zumwalt, died on 2 January 2000 and in July the same year after his death he was honored by the U.S Navy by building a new class of warships to represent the technological advancement in ship building and the ship was named USS Zumwalt (Zumwalt, Foundation 2009).

About the author: Henry Ford is a senior research at topmarkesays.com. He holds a phd in history. He can assist you with history research paper, History essays, and other custom history dissertations.

 

 

 

 

References

Navy Office of Information, Washington DC.( 10 January 2000). CNO Remarks in honor of Admiral Elmo Russell Zumwalt Junior USN, ,Retrieved 03 February 2010, from <http://www.news.navy.mil/navydata/people/flags/johnson_j/speeches/zumw0110.txt>

Zumwalt, Elmo Jr. (1976). A Memoir. New York: Quadrangle /New York Times Book Co.  

Zumwalt, Foundation.( 17 June 2009). James G.Zumwalt . Retrieved on 03 February 2010, from <http://tzfoundation.org/zumwalt_usps_support_letter.html>

 

Operation SharQC (2009)

           

Operation SharQC involved issuing of warrant of arrests and search warrants to suspected members of the Hells Angels gang across Quebec, New Brunswick, France and Dominican Republic.

A warrant of arrest was issued by the police during the raid targeting the Longueulli and Sherbrooke club bunkers. The gang was implicated as being involved in committing a series of crimes that included murder, drug trafficking, conspiracy to murder, racketeering, arms trafficking, assault, extortion, money laundering prostitution, trafficking in stolen goods and gangsterism.

            Arrests of key major players were made in an attempted to destroy the infrastructure and interrupt with the gang’s capability to use communities to commit crime.

Among the charges the gang was arrested for was in connection with 22 murders that occurred since 1992. Among the arrested 100 people were charged with first degree murder charges, drug trafficking and gangsterism. ‘Mom’ Boucher, the leader of Hells Angels gang in Quebec was charged murdering two prison guards in 2002 after the judges had investigated him for 11 days and was sentenced to life imprisonment with no chance of release in 25years

In one of the trial cases for Hell Angels one of the judges quitted and another judge had to do a new trial after a complaint to him by one of the defense lawyers. Other several other judges also left the cases citing personal hardship. Finally in 2004 nine Hells Angels gang members were convicted of gangsterism, conspiracy to commit murder and drug trafficking. The members pleaded not guilty and their trial was ended.

Sylvain Boulanger who was a former fulltime member of Hells Angels in Sherbrooke signed a contract of $2.9million to be paid to him by the Regional Integrated Squads.

He was one on the sole witnesses in the Operation SharQc and he assisted with the arrest of 129 gang members including the gang leaders. Boulanger gave a 634 page written statement and also gave 23 statements on video tapes and assisted the investigators in the operation. In accepting to be an informant, Boulanger will not be charged of any crime and he was to be paid $2.9million which according to Canadian history was the largest money to be paid to a police informant. Boulanger volunteered to become an informant so as to get a chance to revenge after his plea to rejoin the Hells Angels was rejected.

  Dany Kane was also a Hells Angels gang member who signed a contract of $1.75 million as an undercover agent with provincial police of Canada. Kane also joined Rockers a rival gang to Hells Angels and he therefore gave investigators crucial information from within during operation springtime.

By the fact that a police source in Quebec acknowledges that they required the service of an informant to be able to investigate a gang like Hells Angels, it clearly illustrates the police failure in both the crime prevention and investigative role. This also illustrates that the police are not bold enough to deal with organized gangs.

It also appears quite illogical to pay such huge amounts to informants as contracts signed between the police and informants. The amounts spent on the informants were quite an exorbitant and could instead have been used to train additional police force in crime control. Even if the informant was to be paid such a huge amount his life will b in danger from any the gang members. Based from the research the arrests do not reveal the current state of Hells Angels since the arrests were made based on the information provided by the informants. The informants can only give information leading to arrests of the key masterminds leaving the small gang members who will later rejuvenate to fierce gang.

By making the arrests of Hells Angels gang, the police cannot manage to completely cripple the operations of this gang since few people and communities where the gang has committed criminal activities will be willing to testify against them when they taken for trial. The arrests are only targeting active gang members whereas the less active gang members can emerge to become a gang.

About the author: Henry Ford is a senior research at topmarkesays.com. He holds a phd in history. He can assist you with history research paper, History essays, and other custom history dissertations.

Sample Research Proposal - Drug Abuse

Introduction

There have always been people who were unable to restrict their use of mind and body altering substances to culturally prescribed limits, and who have fallen into the trap we know today as addiction. Addiction usually does not happen overnight. Rather, people who become addicted to drugs (such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, etc.) are gradually introduced and desensitized to them over a period of time. They may initially enjoy the use of drugs in a recreational sort of way (Samet, Waxman, Hatzenbuehler & Hasin, 2007). For instance, someone might get into the habit of having a beer or some wine after work as a way of releasing the days' stresses. Someone else may use marijuana on an occasional basis as a way to share special time with friends or as an aid to appreciating food, music, or sex. Another person may start using cocaine as a way of staying up late at night to study for exams. Some people are able to keep using drugs on an occasional basis. Many other people are not so lucky. For these unlucky others, their use of drugs begins (gradually in some cases, abruptly in others) to increase, and the amount of attention they spend thinking about getting high, purchasing drugs, preparing drugs and taking drugs increases until it becomes the center of their lives. This study will be designed to understand the reason for addiction and addiction process. The main focus of the study will be the main reasons that hooks individuals to addition, the severity of addiction and problems they encounter to overcome substance use addiction.

Methodology

Research design

The research will be use survey research design. Survey research design is use in most cases because it accords the researcher a chance to interact directly with the study subject thereby capturing important information that may not be captured in  the formal data correction process (Greenberg & Folger, 1988). Survey research design is also appropriate for this study because it become easier to correct data from many subjects therefore increasing the validity and accuracy of the data collected.

Sample and sampling method

This study aims at understand the process of alcohol and substance abuse. It will look into the reason why and how individuals become introduced to alcohol and drug abuse and the conditions that led to their addiction. Therefore, the most appropriate sample to be used in this study includes those individuals who in one way or another suffer from alcohol or substance addition. This study will select samples from rehabilitation centers. The study will selected 3 rehabilitation centers from which 60 participants will be selected. This means that study will select 20 participants from each rehabilitation center. The study will use simple random sampling method. Using this method, participants will be given a fair chance of participating in the study. This will hence reduce biasness in participant selection and increase validity of the data selected.

Data collection tools

One of the most important factor in ensuring validity and accuracy of the collected data is through choosing the right data collection tool for the research design selected. Selection of data collection tool depends on many factors among them the number of participants in the study. Because this study has selected survey research design, it will be appropriate to use a questionnaire (Babbie, 2000).  A questionnaire is also appropriate for the study because of the range of data to be collected. A questionnaire is most appropriate when collecting data from a large sample because they are easier to administer. They are also cheap and hence have cost implication. Questionnaires will also allow for collection of more data and direct interaction between the research and participants. Because of the emotional problems that may be facing the participants of the study, the study will use researcher administered questionnaires.

There are a number of measures that will be included in the question. One of those measures will be addiction severity (ASI) that will be used to measure extent to which participants are addicted to substance abuse (Appley, Dyson, Altman & Luchins, 1997). A series of test on the measure has proved its reliability and validity when used in most studies. This will be used together with Addiction Admission Scale (AAS) developed by Weed et al. in 1989 (Samet et al., 2007). This scale will be used to assess whether participants suffer from alcoholism. To measure the manifestation of depression, 21-items Beck’s Depression inventory developed by Beck et al., 1961 will be used (Radenhausen & Moffet, 1990).

Administration of data collection tools

The process of data collection will begin with drafting of the questionnaire. The questionnaire will be pre-tested in a similar population and necessary revisions made. The next step will be to inquire for permission in the selected rehabilitation centers to carry out the study. Once permission has been granted, researchers will randomly select participants, inform them of the purpose of the research and have them sign informed consent form to be allowed to participate in the study. Questionnaires will then be administered by the research and each questionnaire will take not more than 20 minutes to administer.

Reference:

Appley, L., Dyson, V., Altman, E., & Luchins, D. (1997). Assessing substance use in multi-problem patients: reliability and validity of the addiction severity index in the mental hospital population. Journal of Nervous Mental Disturbance 185(3): 159-165

Babbie, E. (2000). The practices of social research. Thomson Learning

Greenberg, J. & Folger, R. (1988). Controversial issues in social research methods. New York: Springer-Verlag Press

Radenhausen, R. & Moffet, L. (1990). Assessing depression in substance abusers: Beck Depression inventory and SCL-90R.  Addictive Behaviors, 15(2): 179-11

Samet, S., Waxman, R., Hatzenbuehler, M., & Hasin, D. (2007). Assessing addiction: Concepts and instruments.  Addiction Science & Clinical Practices, December 2007

Essay - Nursing Essay

How Does the Health Reforms Affect the Nursing Profession

The recently introduced healthcare reforms have been hailed as a milestone in the history of United States healthcare sectors. For many years, there have been unsuccessful attempts to introduce healthcare reforms, but the attempts have ended up futile. Healthcare reforms are poised to make healthcare more affordable and accessible especially to low income citizens who have for a long time feared for their health because of the escalating cost of healthcare (White House, 2010). The newly introduced healthcare reforms are meant to make healthcare system more sustainable, stabilize family and federal budgets, and the economy in general.  

Healthcare reforms are meant to make insurance more affordable by providing largest middle class tax cut for healthcare. It is also meant to reduce premium costs for millions of families and owners of small business who have found it difficult to couple with escalating cost of healthcare.  The healthcare reforms are therefore meant to help more than 32 million Americans who have been unable to afford healthcare to access coverage because it has been made more affordable (White House, 2010).  Under the new plan, it is estimated that more than 95% of Americans will be insured.

The new healthcare law will put in place a new  very competitive health insurance market that will give millions of Americans same choice of insurance that are accessed by members of congress. This means that the new healthcare law will bring about more equity in the country. It is also aimed at bringing about greater accountability to healthcare because it will introduce rules that will keep premiums down and also prevent the insurance industry from abusing and denying healthcare to clients. This implies that under the new healthcare law, there will be no discrimination against Americans who live with pre-existing conditions, a situation that has been used to deny most Americans affordable healthcare.

Statistics also shows that the new healthcare law will put the budget on the more stable path. It is poised to reduce budget deficit by more than $100 billion within one decade and this will increased to more than $1 trillion in the second decade (White House, 2010). This will be achieved through cutting on government overspending and also reining on wastage, fraud, and abuse. This is important considering that the economy has been badly affected by the recent economic crisis and it needs to be on the recovery path.

Therefore, healthcare reforms will bring about a number of changes in the healthcare sector. It will increase the number of people seeking for healthcare as more people will not be barred from accessing healthcare. In the short and long term, it means that will be increased demand for healthcare service. The government will have to revolutionize the healthcare sector in order to meeting increased need for healthcare services (White House, 2010). While the government plans to save in healthcare spending, it will have to inject more capital to improve healthcare sector, especially on infrastructure and medical equipments.

The new healthcare law will also increase demand for human resource to provide the increased number of patients seeking healthcare service. Healthcare system in the United States is currently being faced by a number of challenges one of them being lack of enough human resources. Since the second half of the twentieth century, staff shortage in healthcare sector has become a major problem. In consideration of the impact of healthcare reforms on medical human resource, the most controversial issue in staffing of nursing finds a centre stage in this discussion. Nurse shortage has been a prevalent problem in the country and it is evident that the problem will be aggravated with the new healthcare reform. In a bid to fight nurse shortage, nurses have come with models that are aimed at mitigating current challenges in nursing care. The implementation of new healthcare reforms will definitely bring more challenges to nurses. It is worth noting that nurses have been tackling healthcare problems that are designed to be revolutionized in the new healthcare reform, that of improving quality and affordable healthcare for all people.

There are many issues that have negatively impacted on the nursing profession that will be fully addressed under the healthcare reform. This means that while the new healthcare reforms are likely to increase the number of people seeking healthcare services thereby adding more pressure to nurses, this may be counteracted by sweeping changes that will be implemented under the new healthcare reforms that will mitigate pressure on nurses. The most vital healthcare issues as can be diagnosed by nurses include the more than 50  million Americans who are not insured and who are likely to be rushed to hospital with  need for emergency services, the exclusion of individuals who have pre-existing condition in the mainstream healthcare insurance which makes their conditions more challenging for nurses to handle especially when they are at an advanced stage, financial wastage in Medicare and Medicaid that has made it difficult for most hospitals to hire more healthcare staff, escalating healthcare costs and drop of quality of healthcare, and many other challenges like shortage of nurses (McGuire, 2010). These are pertinent issues in healthcare sector that echo in the years of every nurse in the country who has more contact with patients than other healthcare professionals.

The new healthcare reforms will ease the work in patient care which means safe staffing for nurse. The new healthcare reforms will make healthcare available to most uninsured Americans (McGuire, 2010). Given time, this will most likely reduce the pressure on nursing workload because people who fall sick will access healthcare services at the most appropriate time. This constant flow of patients will reduce episodes of emergency care and hence ease the workload burden on nurse. Although most nurses would like to see mandatory ratio of nurse to patient included in the healthcare reform, there is are important provisions that are likely to mitigate the issue of staffing ratio.  

The problem of staffing ratio in our hospitals does not arise from lack of funds in our hospital as most people have point out. There are hospitals that have funds lying idle but they have not been able to get nurses to hire. This means that the problem emanates from training. Evidently, there is inadequate funding for nursing education. This issue has been well addressed under the healthcare reforms. Title VIII and section 5301 of the healthcare reform provides for creation of federal funds that that will be used in nurse education. This means that for the first time, the government will be compelled to increase funding for nurse education and hence increase the number of nurses leaving schools.  In addition, section 5301 also creates special grants for hospitals and academically affiliated physician assistant programs to educate more nurses.  This section is likely to have a lot of impact on nursing (McGuire, 2010).  Experts have shown that the most possible strategy that can be used to increase the number of nurse in hospitals is through educating more nurses to replace the retiring ones. Statistics estimate that the problem of nursing shortage may be aggravated by 2020 but with the provisions of the new healthcare reforms, this problem may be tackled right from the bottom because the country will no longer rely on foreign trained nurses.

Apart from increasing the number of nurses, section 5301 also provides for far reaching provision of nursing services (McGuire, 2010). This section provides that funds will be allocated for nurses to provide in-home care for poor and elderly. This is a positive move that will address one of the major problems affecting healthcare in the country. The poor and the elderly who cannot afford to stay in hospital due to increased cost have been left to suffer at home while those who have been lucky have accessed service in elderly homes. The poor are therefore left to stay and home without necessary nursing services. This provision will definitely increase the demand for nursing care but the healthcare reforms, through the same section provides for  provision of funds to train more nurses, which means  the increased demand for nurses will be met by  increased trained nurses.

The healthcare reforms also focus on improving the primary preventative healthcare. This means that there will be more focus on primary healthcare rather then curative healthcare (McGuire, 2010). Focus on primary healthcare will reduce the number of people seeking curative healthcare which means the burden on nursing care will be mitigated.  It will reduce the incidence of emergency care and critical care which have driven the cost of healthcare up.

Therefore, healthcare reforms will bring about positive impact on the healthcare sector in the country. It will increase the number of insured Americans which means it will reduce the number of emergency care.  The healthcare reforms will also reduce wastage of funds in healthcare sector reducing budget deficit. For nurses, the healthcare will increase the number of nursing by forcing the government to directly fund nurse education. Under the new reforms, the problem of nurse shortage will be dealt with. Therefore, nurses are winners in the new healthcare reforms.

Reference

McGuire, A. (2010). Healthcare reform: impact for nurses. The American Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 2010

White House, (2010). Healthcare reforms. Retrieved July 16, 2010, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/health-care/

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